Basic Concepts Programming, For Begginer!

Basics Program is a series of instructions in a computer language that is organized logically and systematically.

Definition Programming is a set sequence of commands to the computer to do something, where those instructions in a language that is understandable by computers, known as the programming language.

Basic Concepts Programming generally is IPO (Input Process Output), and then developed becoming:
Originating -> input -> processes -> Output -> Distribution
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storage

Originating

Associated with the collection of data which is usually a basic kedokumen data recording. After gathering input process is done.

input

This stage is the process of entering data into the computer via an input device.

Process

This stage is the data processing of data already inputted in the form of comparing the counting process, sort, classify, manage and search the storage.

output

This stage is a process to produce the output of the data processing apparatus to output information (monitor, speaker, etc.)

distribution

This stage is the process of dissemination of information to the parties entitled and need information.

storage

This stage is the recording of the data processing storage that can later be used to input the next process.

DATA

Data is the raw material to be processed into information that can be used by the user or wearer.

1. Basic Data Type: Represents a primitive data type that is not defined by the structured programming language.

Basic data types are divided into five parts:

a. Numeric, which stores data in the form of numbers

b. Enumeration, which is a sequence of lists of values ​​are different.

c. Boolean, ie the data type to represent True or False.

d. Character, ie the data type to store character sets.

e. Internationalization, called I18N

2. Structured Data Type: Is a mixture of data types from a variety of basic data types. For example arrays, records, strings, lists and files.

3. Data Types defined by User: This data type is usually called Enumeration.

4. Data Type Indicator: Sample pointer data type is a pointer

Computational Model

Computing Model is a set of values ​​and operations. There are three basic models of computing:

1. Functional Model, which is a functional model of computation that consists of a set of values, functions and operations, applications, functions and composition of functions.

2. Logic Model, which is the logic of calculation model consists of a set of values, definitions of relationships and the logical conclusion.

3. Model Imperative, which is imperative calculation model consists of a set of values ​​that include a status and operation tasks to modify this.

Principles of Programming Languages

Four basic principles of programming language design are:

1. Syntax, explains how the structure of the program is correct.

2.Tipe systems and semantics, shows the type of value that can be manipulated by the program and the meaning (semantics) of the program, includes also the rules of naming entities (variables, functions, classes, parameters, etc.).

3. The memory management, refers to a set of techniques that help us to understand the layout of the value mapping, data structures, and structure of the program in memory.

4. Exception handling, the exception handling (things that are unexpected such as an input error when running the program).

Definition Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics

Syntax: grammatical rules / composition of a program which govern the procedures penulisanhuruf, numbers and other characters.

Example: In the manufacture of Pascal program between the two statements separated by; (semicolon)

X: = 1; X: = X + 1;

Semantics: Defining the meaning of the program correct syntax of the programming language.

Example: In the making of the program C

int vector [10]

Semantic meaning will cause as much space as 10

Pragmatics: The ability of the user to associate the phrase with contexts that are appropriate for the sentence.

Example: (A + B) * (A-B)

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